Global Response to Failed States

Worldwide Response to Failed States Presentation As indicated by Max Weber, a cutting edge working satisfy is an establishment guaranteeing a â€Å"monopoly of genuine utilization of physical power in upholding its request inside a given territory† (Garner, Robert, Peter Ferdinand, and Stephanie Lawson, 2009, 27). In this manner, a state, in expansive terms, is an element that can bolster itself using authenticity to implement its standard and to give its populace the satisfactory â€Å"public† products. In light of the meaning of a solid express, a powerless or bombed state is a political being that, inside the extent of global governmental issues, supplies the state with both panic characteristics and amounts of political â€Å"public† merchandise and at the same time, no longer has bounteous authority over brutality inside their given limits. Bombed states can't give essential rights or needs, for example, instruction, security, or administration. (Helman and Ratner, 1992) Often this inability to give the es tablishments is brought about by brutality or neediness in specific zones of the state. These fundamentally and politically delicate foundations of government can cause interior and outer issues. Inside, these legislatures are so frail or inadequate that they have next to zero authority over most of their regions just as the absence of arrangement of â€Å"public† merchandise, prompting common wars, uprisings, and full on fighting among independent groups inside the state. Globally, these zones can be both the reason and aftereffect of across the board defilement and culpability, outcasts and automatic development of populaces, sharp monetary decrease, and the capability of national security issues through the danger of psychological oppressors and universal lawbreakers. Be that as it may, the outer dangers originate from the state as well as from untouchables too. Every so often, bunches like the United Nations or a flanking state step into mediate and stop a debacle really taking shape (Langford, 1999). Despite the fact that the purpose isn't to hurt the states, these worldwide forces can likewise be the reason for the issue. This paper investigates the reasons that current reactions are incapable and how worldwide forces could all the more likely react to bombed states in that it is far superior for them to be made into a non-state society as opposed to have them become an express that is continued by global intercession alone. The current reaction of global superpowers to the issue of bombed states depends on a suspicion that the state being referred to was once really a state, and can turn into a working element once more. Inside the range of the legitimacy of these states comes the subject of power. Indeed, even solid states face difficulties from outside and within their outskirts, however these bombed states have no power at all since they can't control their ability or self-sufficiency. Their power is addressed and they expect backing to stay u seful and it comes to address whether the states really had any sway regardless. Because of this, the endeavor of global world forces to change the bombed state once again into an effective state through utilization of universal assets and endeavors with the suspicion that they will have the option to work without worldwide help is a small counter to the issue. Authenticity The degree of a bombed state is estimated by the degree to which the states are helpless to any type of difficulties to its authenticity, regardless of whether inside or outside. In light of shared information on values that characterize a state, authenticity is the affirmation that a state has, or is expected to reserve, a privilege to manage whether legitimately or ethically. Ever, a state existed was viewed as genuine in the event that it existed. As a result of this definition, most states met the customary necessities of statehood. As said by Weber, the preeminent attributes of a state was having the ability to act universally and to keep up a restraining infrastructure of power inside their domains, however it was not restricted to simply that. A state was additionally to have characterized fringes, a legislature, and a lasting populace. Despite the fact that these are the models required to have statehood, most states gain their freedom without at least one of these standards. These states are as yet perceived by the worldwide network as state entertainers despite the fact that they couldn't completely meet the necessities that were set before them, including a level of their populace ignoring both position and authenticity of the state itself. The state was dared to be the main power, in spite of whether the individuals trusted it to be real. Basically, the presumption of authenticity applied to all states by the way that all states archived by the United Nations were accepted to be real. These delicate states have added to an amazingly scattered world. In this world, battles and savagery are key players. Talk has made possibilities for states that are all the more impressive to press the force held inside their district. It is conceivable that the force extends significantly further and these authoritative states start to misuse the powerless states so as to shape new sorts of alliances, associations, and associations between various entertainers, both state and non-state, just as a plenty of risky difficulties which they should battle to battle for their future. Similarly as talk makes risks, missing or declining authenticity additionally makes foundations for issues. When the authenticity of a state has been raised doubt about, there is a scramble for gatherings, developments, and other state substances to battle about which gathering will fill the void. So as to assume responsibility for the state and sabotage its authenticity, these state substances apply their c apacity in both vicious and peaceful ways. In most of delicate states in the advanced world, these fights are being lost to different on-screen characters in light of the fact that the debilitated governments don't have the ability to give the security and center capacities that different entertainers can promptly give (Krasner, Stephen D., and Carlos Pascual, 2005). When these states have gone into this contention, the securities benefits inside the state, for example, those serving to keep the harmony, have either quit working or have stopped to exist by and large. In different cases nonetheless, these administrations are being used for activities that they were never proposed to be utilized for (Rotberg, 2002). Worldwide Responses These endeavors to remanufacture the bombed states are obviously shaped on political and financial perspectives on the Western superpowers. The two basic territories of bombed states, as indicated by the previously mentioned gathering, are the inability to give political products and the lack of ability to meet the plain financial fundamentals of the individuals. These hegemons look for in this way to shape and improve the state’s institutional ability to react to disappointment. The monetary components of remaking bombed states place an accentuation on this ability to fabricate certain foundations, however the points are totally extraordinary and originated from a different viewpoint. While political endeavors to revamp states centers around reinforcing state establishments, for example, the administration, peacekeeping powers, the reestablish of rule of law, and the arrangement of security, the monetary endeavors attempt to reduce the administration power by discharging the economy and liberating the market administrations. When all is said in done, the measures recommended by the gatherings engaged with the endeavors to end state delicacy or disappointments fluctuate in extend that it orders a somewhat huge rundown of action items. The undertakings revolve around financial, political, and security based things. In any case, the issue is that this errand list runs off the suspicion that these bombed states can really be resuscitated by modifying them. The state in a detached situation, as chose by Western strategy creators and researchers, is the base of the issue. Be that as it may, they likewise consider it to be the source to take care of the issue. In any case, the blunder with the assessment of the West is that it neglects the issues of association just as any political or financial collaborations (Garner, Robert, Peter Ferdinand, and Stephanie Lawson, 2009, 432). Orderly endeavors have been missing to consider state delicacy and disappointment re garding interconnections and linkages between the West and these bombed states. What drives the state building process in these territories is the involving power and their political belief systems, values, financial interests and vital recognitions. These depend on imperfect estimations and wrong arrangement needs. Elective Methods A few arrangement suggestions could prove to be useful when managing these issues. In the first place, rather than concentrating on state working along the Western lines, there ought to be an improvement of country building. The possibility of national character isn't simply feeling causing the populace to feel like residents. It requires the association of all the different things that make up society, for example, ethnic foundation, social convention, and the various sorts of social or political perspectives. These things should be coordinated into the general public since they are the variables that make up the individuals who really make the country. In times when there is no solidarity in a bombed state, it is difficult to feel like a real resident, in this way there is no longing for the state to become ordinary once more. In the pains of the conflicts between the gatherings who feel estranged, state foundations can’t keep creating. These gatherings, in spite of the way that the organizations are intended to improve the political and monetary capacities and creation of products, will in the end dismiss the foundations since they don't do anything for everyone on the grounds that their advancement has stopped. Any endeavors to really reconstruct the country into any type of usefulness is obviously missing because of the inward nonappearance of solidarity (King, Gary, and Langche Zeng, 2001). Similarly as significant is the reason for the need of a household monetary base for the bombed states. There shoul

Research Study: Factors Causing Cannabis Use

Research Study: Factors Causing Cannabis Use Components Leading towards cannabis useâ and what should be possible about them: A study did in neighborhood transport driversâ of locale Peshawar, Pakistan. The issue of medication dealing speaks to a devastating feature of reality in Pakistan that is influencing 34% of the country’s populace as far as having issues with tranquilize use, and additionally misuse. The region of Peshawar, which lies close to the Khyber Pass access to Afghanistan, puts that area at the focal point of dealing movement that has made unlawful medications promptly accessible to the people at exceptionally reasonable costs because of the nearness of overwhelming medication action. Medication use is a worldwide issue, one that undeniably is concentrating on Pakistan because of it being in the focal point of the most dynamic medication delivering locales on the planet. All things considered, the nation has built up a genuine inward issue in that its residents have gotten cleared up in the creation, dealing just as utilization of medications. The previous are exercises that subvert the nation’s economy as the cash streams are underground market, and on e which is costing the nation its most significant asset, is individuals, who are in regularly expanding numbers being squandered just as experiencing the attacks of medication use, and fixation. The reason, and job of government speak to an intricate issue that in its own privilege merits an examination onto itself. With regards to the assessment subsequently distinguished, a synopsis of this intricate relationship will be advanced as it is an essential part of the first. Reus-Smit (1999, p. 129) reveals to us that: â€Å"The moral motivation behind the cutting edge state in this way involved another rule of procedural justiceâ€legislative equity. This standard endorses two statutes of rule assurance: first, that lone those subject to the principles reserve the option to characterize them and, second, that the guidelines of society must apply similarly to all residents, in every single like case. The two statutes were revered in the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, which expresses that â€Å"[l]aw is the statement of the general will; all residents reserve the privilege to agree by and by, or through their agents, in its development; it must be the equivalent for all, regardless of whether it secures or punishes.†Ã¢â‚¬  Rousseau gives further intensification of the reason for government as he held â€Å"†¦that the laws enacted by the individuals or their delegates must apply similarly to all residents in every single like case. â€Å"Every bona fide demonstration of the general will,† he composes, â€Å"favors all residents similarly, with the goal that the sovereign, knows just the body of the country and makes no differentiations between any of the individuals who make it† (Reus-Smit (1999, p. 130). Schmidtz (1991, p. 10) refers to Hume (1978, p. 539) who states: â€Å"†¦the excellence of the state isn't that it results from an aggregate choice yet rather that it settles on aggregate choices pointless. Individuals no longer need to go to an understanding about what is to their greatest advantage, for officers need counsel no body however themselves to shape any plan for the advancing of that intrigue. In this way, spans are assembled; harbors opend; defenses raisd; waterways formd; armadas equipd; and armed forces disciplind; all over the place, by the consideration o government , which, tho composd of men subject to every single human ailment, becomes, by one of the best and most unpretentious innovations conceivable, a sythesis, that is, in some measure, absolved from all these infirmities† The prior discloses to us that administration exists to take care of, and for our eventual benefits for the aggregate great. Along these lines the medication issue speaks to an issue that isn't to the greatest advantage of the individuals, and is government’s obligation to go up against and resolve. Accordingly, the decrease of medication use, and the decrease of medication creation, and dealing are needs that the nation needs to deliver so as to defend the fate of its residents, just as return the country’s financial constitutions and imperativeness. This assessment will dive into the doing without with regards to the â€Å"Factors Leading towards cannabis use and what should be possible about them: An investigation completed in neighborhood transport drivers of area Peshawar, Pakistan.† The issue of medication use is a worldwide wonder, one that is particularly inescapable in Pakistan. The country’s nearness to Afghanistan, which positions as one of the top medication creating countries on the globe, combined with the high medication profitable capacities of Pakistan, and the high destitution levels in the Peshawar area, makes for the ideal rearing reason for enslavement. With more than 4 million medication clients in Pakistan, speaking to one of the most noteworthy per client rates universally, the extent of the issue as for creation, dealing, and dependence speak to a triple edged blade that couple of nations are confronted with. The prior, has been supported by defilement in administrative posts just as the penetration of local inborn pioneers who either traffic in, or have interests in this exchange, into political positions further muddling the errand of control and decrease. Legitimization for the examination The worldwide activity to decrease tranquilize client, and accessibility in all nations, with accentuation on the countries of the United States, European Union part states, and other goal focuses has been embraced to diminish the potential introduction to drugs with respect to youths, and youthful grown-ups just as to lessen wrongdoing. The progression of medications powers the coffers of sorted out wrongdoing adding up to wholes in the billions of euros that is taken care of by the commission of unimportant violations, murders, and other cultural acts coming about because of dependence, acquisition, and flexibly at all levels in the lattice. The expenses as far as mankind, assets, and enduring are practically endless. The decrease of medication stream just as utilization speaks to an answer that benefits everything except the individuals who are procuring enormous benefits from its development, and deal. Issue Identification In comparing the issue just as consequences of the components driving toward the utilization of cannabis, and what moves can be made to diminish the previous, different methodologies, and techniques have been advanced by countries, and worldwide associations, for example, the United Nations to address this issue. The two primary ways of thinking in endeavoring to determine this problem are the reducing of flexibly as a way to confine sedate accessibility alongside corrective measures for providers and clients, and the training of clients, and potential clients to the risks of medication use, and furnishing them with a way to get treatment. The prior speaks to the strategies of the two primary goal focuses, the United States, and the part conditions of the European Union, separately. These are the outside powers following up on Pakistan notwithstanding the medication flexibly going through the nation from Afghanistan just as the development, and creation of medications inside the nati on that makes heroin, cocaine and cannabis unreservedly and promptly accessible to the inhabitants of Peshawar. It is one of the fundamental through courses for the conveyance of medications. The previous has made a huge issue for the administration of Pakistan to execute strategies to determine these issues, and address the necessities of its masses in treating just as stemming drug use for their own prosperity. Point of the exposition The point of this assessment is to investigate just as reveal the components prompting drug utilization in the Peshawar locale, its impacts on the people, and what steps, strategies, and methods can or ought to be executed to stem its development, and impact a decrease that is feasible. Explicit Objectives The goals are spoken to by the accompanying: To recognize factors prompting the utilization of cannabis by nearby vehicle drivers in region Peshawar. To recognize approaches to handle factors that lead towards cannabis use by neighborhood transport drivers. To furnish suggestions to manage the issue of cannabis use by neighborhood transport drivers of region Peshawar. Yield of the investigation This aspect of the examination is to give a foundation of data on the issue that gives an educational premise through which to all the more likely comprehend the powers following up on medicate use in Peshawar from an inside just as outside point of view to arrive at a proposal that gives a way to decrease sedate use. Partners/target crowd The partners in this assessment are spoken to by the goal states for the illegal medications developed, developed, and delivered in the district that is dealt just as the neighborhood occupants who have been affected straightforwardly by this movement to the point whereby Pakistan has one of the most elevated rate paces of medication clients in the worldwide network. The centralization of medication action in Peshawar has in this manner straightforwardly influenced its occupants, and is removing the future from a whole age that is trapped in the snare of unlawful medications. The intended interest groups spoke to by this assessment are those gatherings associated with looking for a way to diminish medicate use in the locale, on a national just as universal level. Procedure The procedure to be used in this assessment will be founded on auxiliary sources using an expansive cross segment of thoughts, studies, approaches, and real medication decrease techniques taken from key nations, and locales globally. The sources will use books, diaries, articles, and the Internet to pick up as expansive a point of view as conceivable that is restricted by the measure of information just as time imperatives. The restrictions are a consequence of the former as some conceivably edifying data could probability be disregarded, and additionally not acquired because of the measure of information accessible. Research frames the center of this assessment as it will give the data fro

How to Find Blogger Blog by Specific Country, Locations and Interests

How to Find Blogger Blog by Specific Country, Locations and Interests Google Blogger Platform is most amazing platform for Blogging. And as a Blogger we may not well known with all features of BlogSpot. There are zillions of readers are visiting Blogs over the net for reading interesting things. But most of use make search query in search engine to get specific result. But search result is totally depending on search engine. Many Blog readers wants to read local Blog and in their native language but this is not possible to get all of local Blog list or blog with specific interest group. So if you are interested to visit and read blog by specific location or interest then you have to find a way to search them. Fortunately Google Blogger has this opportunity to search Blog by country, location and different interest group. As a result you can easily find your desire Blog instantly. I will show you how to make search query to find out Blog by location and interest group? Generally this feature works for Blogger profile keywords. Suppose you have added information about your location, favorite movies, music, and books in your Blogger profile and when other people make search Google display your Blog profile that match with keywords. As a result interested visitors first see your Blogger profile and after that they can visit your Blog. For searching any Blog we have to use the below URL. http://www.blogger.com/profile-find.g?t=l But if you just add this URL in your browser address bar then it will display a broken page, because you didnt has added any extension. For finding specific interest based Blog we have to add specific extension. For example, to search country specific blog we can use append loc0=CountryCode after the end of the above search URL. And you have to replace CountryCode with a two-letter country code (USA = US, India = IN, Bangladesh = BD etc.). And make sure country code has written in capital letters. How to Search Blog by Country? This is an interesting method where we can search Blog by country. This feature will help to find country specific Blog. Suppose you want to find list of USA Blog then just copy the below URL and paste it in your Browsers address bar. USA Blog - http://www.blogger.com/profile-find.g?t=lloc0=US Indian Blog - http://www.blogger.com/profile-find.g?t=lloc0=IN Bangladeshi Blog - http://www.blogger.com/profile-find.g?t=lloc0=BD I think Sounds interesting, now we will dive into little deeper. Suppose you want to search location based Blog within specific country then we can use the below URL Blogs from USA, Florida - http://www.blogger.com/profile-find.g?t=lloc0=USloc1=florida Blogs from USA, Miami - http://www.blogger.com/profile-find.g?t=lloc0=USloc1=floridaloc2=miami Blogs from Bangladesh, Dhaka - https://www.blogger.com/profile-find.g?t=lloc0=BDloc1=dhaka Here I have added append with loc1=StateName or loc2=CityName. As a result all Blogs from Florida and Miami will display under this URL. How to Search Blog By Interest? You can find interesting Blog more fun way. Just you have to add your desired Keyword to get blog by interest. Please have a look at the below URL. Just you have to replace KEYWORD with any word. For example social, game, lifestyle, history etc. keyword you can use for making search query. http://www.blogger.com/profile-find.g?t=iq=KEYWORD Here you can use any keyword to find Blogger profile and get the Blog URL. How to Search Blog By Favorite Movies, Music and Books? If you love to watch movie Blog or listen to music and want to know more about your favorite books then you can make this search query for finding desired Blog. Favorite Movies Blog -http://www.blogger.com/profile-find.g?t=mq=Movie_Name Favorite Music Blog - http://www.blogger.com/profile-find.g?t=sq=Music_Name Favorite Books Blog - http://www.blogger.com/profile-find.g?t=bq=Books_Name Just change the last part of the URL by your desire movie name, music name and books name and see the Blog lists. How to Search Blog By Industry and Occupation? If you works under specific industry or you are holding an occupation and want to learn more about that then you can go through the Industry and occupation related Blog. Dont worry for make search query just use the below URLs. Make sure you have replaced industry name and desired occupation. Industry related Blog - http://www.blogger.com/profile-find.g?t=jind=Industry_Name Occupation related Blog - http://www.blogger.com/profile-find.g?t=oq=occupation This is really awesome feature of Google Blogger. And now you can find your desire Blog by any keywords. How to Find Blogger Blog by Specific Country, Locations and Interests? Many Blogger platform users are unknown about this feature. But Blogger has really made easy to search and read Blog by different interests.

How Teachers Can Create a Great Lesson Students Love

The best teachers can captivate their students’ attention day in and day out. Their students not only enjoy being in their class, but they look forward to the next day’s lesson because they want to see what is going to happen. Creating a great lesson together takes a lot of creativity, time, and effort. It is something that is well thought out with lots of planning. Though each lesson is unique, they all have similar components that make them exceptional. Every teacher has the ability to create engaging lessons that will mesmerize their students and keep them wanting to come back for more. A great lesson engages every student, ensures that every student is meeting the learning objectives, and motivates even the most reluctant learner. Characteristics of a Great Lesson A great lesson...is well planned. Planning starts with a simple idea and then slowly evolves into a tremendous lesson that will resonate with every student. A terrific plan ensures that all materials are ready to go before the lesson begins, is anticipatory of potential issues or problems, and takes advantage of opportunities to extend the lesson beyond its core concepts. Planning a great lesson takes time and effort. Careful planning gives each lesson a better chance to be a hit, to captivate each student, and to provide your students with meaningful learning opportunities. A great lesson†¦grabs students’ attention. The first few minutes of a lesson may be the most critical. Students will quickly decide whether or not they should devote their full attention to what is being taught. Every lesson should have a â€Å"hook† or â€Å"attention grabber† built into the first five minutes of the lesson. Attention grabbers come in many forms including demonstrations, skits, videos, jokes, songs, etc. Be willing to embarrass yourself a little bit if it will motivate your students to learn. Ultimately, you want to create an entire lesson that is memorable, but failing to grab their attention early on will likely keep that from happening. A great lesson†¦maintains students’ attention. Lessons should be outrageous and unpredictable throughout captivating each student’s attention. They should be fast-paced, loaded with quality content, and engaging. Time in class should fly by so quickly that you hear students grumbling when the class period is over each day. You should never see students drifting off to sleep, engaged in conversation about other topics, or expressing general disinterest in a lesson. As the teacher, your approach to every lesson must be passionate and enthusiastic. You must be willing to be a salesman, comedian, content expert, and magician all rolled into one. A great lesson†¦builds on previously learned concepts. There is a flow from one standard to the next. The teacher ties previously learned concepts into each lesson. This shows the students that various concepts are meaningful and connected. It is a natural progression of old into new. Each lesson increases in rigor and difficulty without losing students along the way. Each new lesson should be focused on extending learning from the previous day. By the end of the year, students should be able to make connections quickly as to how your first lesson ties into your last lesson. A great lesson  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦is content driven. It has to have a connected purpose, meaning that all aspects of the lesson are built around critical concepts that students at a particular age should be learning. Content is typically driven by standards such as the Common Core State Standards that serve as a guide for what students are supposed to learn in each grade. A lesson that does not have relevant, meaningful content at its core is senseless and a waste of time. Effective teachers are able to build upon the content from lesson to lesson continuously throughout the year. They take a simple concept early on continuing to build upon it until it becomes something complex yet understood by their students because of the process. A great lesson†¦ establishes real-life connections. Everyone loves a good story. The best teachers are those who can incorporate vivid stories that tie in key concepts within the lesson helping students to make connections to real life. New concepts are typically abstract to students of any age. They rarely see how it is applicable to real life. A great story can make these real-life connections and often helps students remember concepts because they remember the story. Some subjects are easier to make these connections than others, but a creative teacher can find an interesting backstory to share on just about any concept. A great lesson†¦provides students with active learning opportunities. A majority of students are kinesthetic learners. They simply learn best when they are actively engaged in hands-on learning activities. Active learning is fun. Students not only have fun through hands-on learning, they often retain more information from this process. Students do not have to be active throughout an entire lesson, but having active components mixed in sporadically at appropriate times throughout the lesson will keep them interested and engaged. A great lesson†¦Ã¢â‚¬â€¹builds critical thinking skills. Students must develop problem-solving and critical thinking skills at an early age. If these skills are not developed early on, they will be almost impossible to acquire later on. Older students who have not been taught this skill may become discouraged and frustrated. Students must be taught to extend their answers beyond the ability to provide the correct answer alone. They also should develop the ability to explain how they arrived at that answer. Each lesson should have at least one critical thinking activity built into it forcing students to go beyond the typically straightforward answer. A great lesson†¦is talked about and remembered. It takes time, but the best teachers build a legacy. Students coming up look forward to being in their class. They hear all the crazy stories and cannot wait to experience it themselves. The hard part for the teacher is living up to those expectations. You have to bring your â€Å"A† game every single day, and this can become a challenge. Creating enough great lessons for each day is exhausting. It is not impossible; it just takes a lot of extra effort. Ultimately it is worth it when your students consistently perform well and even more importantly express how much they learned by being in your class. A great lesson†¦is continuously tweaked. It is always evolving. Good teachers are never satisfied. They understand that everything can be improved. They approach each lesson as an experiment, soliciting feedback from their students both directly and indirectly. They look at nonverbal cues such as body language. They look at overall engagement and participation. They look at diagnostic feedback to determine if students are retaining the concepts introduced in the lesson. Teachers use this feedback as a guide to what aspects should be tweaked and each year they make adjustments and then conduct the experiment again.

Internship Report On Educational And Theoretical Knowledge

ACKNOWLEGEMENT Internship provide the best opportunity to use educational/theoretical knowledge and learn practical knowledge as â€Å"apply knowledge and gain experience.† Internship report is submitted to Ms. Laura Logiacco (field placement coordinator at Cambrian @ Hanson), which is essential as per my course of study, and I did my internship under to supervision and guidance of Mr. Amarjeet Mann at Mann travel. During preparation of this report, I owe my sincere thanks to many great persons who helped and supported me during field placement, first, I am grateful to Mr. Mann, his support, guidance, leadership is example and very appreciable along with its staff for giving the opportunity to†¦show more content†¦It is very interesting job to make a contact with airlines and provide best services to the commuters. So, I choose the Mann travel. It is the one branch of Mann tour and travel which is the located in the Cottrelle, Brampton. Mann tour and travel has three more branches, one of them is in Springdale other one in Markham and the fourth branch located in Ray Lawson. Mr. Mann runs Mann travel since 1999. PROCESS OF FINDING PLACEMENT I found this placement through the radio, I listen couple of programmes which they promote the Mann travel through this I got the contact number and I called the travel office and booked the appointment with the director for interview, then I met with Mr. Mann and I explain each and everything to him about my HR course and co-op. He put some questions and then he accepts me as a co-op students over there. I dealt with HR department in Mann travel. Before the interviewing with Mr. Mann I dropped my resume to one CPA accountant office they accept me but they have not enough employee over there. DURATION OF PLACEMENT 8 weeks that is beginning from 16th January to 10th march 2017. Total Hours: 280 hours. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this intern is to build up confidence and to learn about the daily operations that is conducted in the organization. Moreover, to be familiar with the work and management system so I can easily adjust in futureShow MoreRelatedEnhancing Knowledge Mobilization As Part Of Graduate Coursework1581 Words   |  7 Pagespractices that enhance knowledge mobilization as part of graduate coursework. Contrary to the majority of institutional knowledge mobilization efforts that focus on faculty members as the primary knowledge mobilizers, this research will investigate how graduate students can be called upon to act as knowledge mobilization agents while the participating in an innovative and authentic learning experience. Rationale: Regardless of technological ingenuity, the effectiveness of any educational technology (EdTech)Read MoreInvestment Banking : My Preferred Career Goal Ever Since I Entered The University895 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Global Financial Centers Index in 2014. The HKU MFIN program is a well-designed finance program. The four basic courses of this program are based on CFA curriculum and equips students with both quantitative skills and other necessary financial knowledge. The Corporate Finance component of the Master of Finance Program appeals to me most as it complements my career goal to work as in Investment Banker after graduation. To better prepare myself for enrollment into The University of Hong Kong, I successfullyRead MoreThe Evaluation Of Public Relations Internship Program3274 Words   |  14 Pages The evaluation of Public Relations Internship Program in China Literature Review Nowadays, when new ideas, professions and whole fields are imported or received into cultures that had no part in their creation and development, it is important to study how these fields fit in, are adapted to or are altered by their new host countries. China is the largest of these host countries. Since the early 1980s, Western ideas, practices and fields have been introducedRead MoreThe Evaluation Of Public Relations Internship Program3274 Words   |  14 Pages The evaluation of Public Relations Internship Program in China Literature Review Nowadays, when new ideas, professions and whole fields are imported or received into cultures that had no part in their creation and development, it is important to study how these fields fit in, are adapted to or are altered by their new host countries. China is the largest of these host countries. Since the early 1980s, Western ideas, practices and fields have been introducedRead MoreWorking With Pioneer Town Planners Pvt Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesSTUDY I choose to work with Pioneer Town Planners Pvt. Ltd. [Shriji Group], during this internship I have learnt many new skills. Before internship I had only theoretical knowledge about work in organization but now I have some practical experience of working in organization. Now I have knowledge about the organization’s working environment and how organization works and achieve their goals. This internship has given me the understanding of marketing strategies and also about the elements of strategicRead MoreAmity University Internship Guidelines6712 Words   |  27 PagesRESOURCE CENTRE SUMMER INTERNSHIP for B. TECH. 2010-14 (ALL BRANCHES) Dual Degree 2010-15 BATCHES My Dear Amitian, Summer Internship is an important part of your four year B. Tech Programme or five years dual degree at ASET, Its important that student secures a place in the industry for summer internship well in time. The students can take bonafide letter for the company of their contact from Head of CRC, Prof. P.K. Rohatgi in ASET, E-3, Room No.320. The following Industry Internship guidelines are mandatoryRead MoreThis Paper Will Describe Consultation And Supervision In1112 Words   |  5 Pagesown organization and ultimately begin the healing process themselves. Social constructionist consultation. This method is similar in that the consultant considers both the individuals and the system. However, it is much more systems based and theoretical. The social constructionist consultant believes that there is no single reality and that each individual narrative plays a part in constructing the reality of the organization. The consultant gathers intel on the dominant narratives of the systemRead MoreInternship Report6674 Words   |  27 PagesProgramme Bsc (Computer Science). Title Industrial Attachment Report. Period of Attachment June 2010 – Aug 2010. Placement Company Kenya Industrial Estates Ltd., Nairobi. Co-operating Officer Mr. Njuguna J.G. Report submitted to Mr. Waithaka, Academic Supervisor. Date submitted: September 24, 2010 | | Foreword Internship is engaging students in service activities primarily for providing them with hands-on experienceRead MoreAll Work And No Pay : The Ethical, Economic And Social Debate On Unpaid Internships3016 Words   |  13 PagesAll Work and No Pay: The Ethical, Economic and Social Debate on Unpaid Internships 1. Introduction Our present day job market has seen a marked increase in competition among college graduates. Over the past 40 years, we have seen a 20 percent increase in bachelor’s degrees in citizens over the age of 25 (â€Å"Fast Facts† 1). This increase in degree holders has exacerbated the competition of our job markets and has forced workers to seek a further competitive edge. According to an annual survey by theRead MoreI Have Selected International Economics1451 Words   |  6 Pages International economics will enable me to understand, and analyze financial data. I will be in a position to gather data from various sources, use analysis tools, plot graphs, and make use computer applications like spreadsheet to prepare final reports. Furthermore, I made a decision to major in International economics is that it will enable me to prepare for a master s degree. According to a survey by Business Week, the majority of undergraduate majors of MBA graduate getting over $100,000 were

Personal Reflection On My Personal Experience - 1467 Words

Leadership has been a perpetually changing idea where pioneers have important qualities to get the sought conclusions. During my life journey, I had encountered and experienced working with various people who posses different leadership qualities and I found myself accomplishing various leadership qualities using models in numerous situation which had impacted my life. In this diary, I will examine various leadership models that have moulded the way I approach the thought of authority and I will concentrate on the lead characters, which I possess myself. The focused will be given on reflections on my personal history and experience during my study period, during my first job at bank and when I worked in the Nursing Home. Leadership†¦show more content†¦At that phase of my administration vocation, I was extremely tasked oriented since; I was completely focused to accomplish the task of receiving and paying for customers without committing error. During this stage of my life I followed transactional leadership concentrates on the task-related exchange of actions and rewards between follower and leader (Bass, 1990). While my companion Rita worked in the client administration division who wasn’t solely responsible for mistake she made. Rita methodology of leadership wasn’t quite an equivalent as mine, as she places additional stress on building customer connections. Her primary center was to fulfill the every client quires identified with different matters, spur them to be consistently clients of our banks by giving different facilities given by the bank to its new and existing clients. Her leadership style could be compared with segments of transformational style, namely idealized influence, educated incitement, rousing inspiration, and individualized attention (Bass 1985). At the point when client hours are over, she needs to wrap up all the new record in the customer system and remittance function as well. Her prosperity was double; clients know her better than me and content with her administrations hence her individual relations with clients were solid and she got the chance to learn remittance work. Alternately, RitaShow MoreRelatedPersonal Reflection : My Personal Experience1625 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause it is so easy to become tangled in our worries, stress, and busy schedules. Reflection can differ depending on the individual. For example, reflection to one individual can be accomplished through attending mass and having time to pray to God. For another individual, reflection could consist of participating in meditation or yoga. No matter how it is done it can be beneficial to one’s health and well-being. Reflection consists of taking time to carefully think and so it is necessary to make timeRead MorePersonal Experience : My Personal Reflection944 Words   |  4 Pages I consider my personal level of competence I had when I started this course was one of awareness and inexperience. In other words, I was aware of the cultural inequities that surround me and the field in which I work. As this course moved forward from week to week, I paralleled the reading material with my work experiences. It should be noted that I have little diversity in my caseload as far as race. However, I do have diversity in my caseload to do with life circumstances. These circumstancesRead MoreA Reflection On My Personal Experience1390 Words   |  6 PagesISS Reflection Paper I would never aspire to be king because it is much more interesting to be the king-maker. This is my informed judgment based on the sufficiency of my experience and the intrinsic value I derive from analytical and creative problem solving processes. I opine Strategic Advisor and Communicator are synonymous with my definition of â€Å"king-maker,† both roles I have experience and some success with. Nevertheless, I am fortunate to have many years of experience to reflect on and guideRead MoreAn Reflection Of My Personal Experience1313 Words   |  6 Pagesspiritual discernment. For those that are gifted with both, intuition and spiritual discernment you can pretty much take what they say to the bank, it will happen or has happened just like they said it would. In my personal experience, I work with a lot of women on a day to day basis. In my particular ministry scope I help hurting women, particularly those that have been rejected or wounded in some way. Some of these women have been hurt deeply and must be handled with great care in order for me notRead MorePersonal Reflection : My Educational Experience1407 Words   |  6 Pages Education My educational experience is one amazing thing I would never forget. My parents gave me an experience of a lifetime that I would never let go and continue to expand. It was a gift of a great education I could have tossed away but instead I took advantage of it and it expanded my intellect and made me more independent. As a young girl my parents always told me, they wanted a great educational experience for me. They said no matter what it took to get me into good schools, to have a greatRead MorePersonal Reflections of My Experience as Operational Manager2662 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Executive Summary This journal is an insight on my thoughts and experiences and my own reflection of operations management and the topics in which we have looked at in both lectures and my interactive workshops. In this journal I will cover the following: †¢ My own experiences in relation to operations management †¢ A reflection on what I have learned in both lectures and tutorials †¢ A reflection on the extra material that we had access to from moodle. Week 1: 30th January Lecture: DuringRead MoreReflection Of A Reflective Leadership Retreats1084 Words   |  5 Pagesand sharing. Collective conversations addressed both the assigned readings, as well as application of the lessons to personal, professional, and spiritual settings. We experienced what Walters (2006) considered the essence of retreats, which is to â€Å"have conversations with each other about things that are important†¦individually and collectively† (p. 22) Reflection on Retreat Experience Accustomed to a world inundated with technology, constant motion, and noise, spending a sustained period of time inRead MoreReporting Studying senior social science subjects was the most influential factor which provided a1600 Words   |  7 PagesReporting Studying senior social science subjects was the most influential factor which provided a wonderful opportunity to discover my abilities and develop skills and confidence in critical thinking and systematic research processes. Especially, getting an A+ for a psychology report assignment and genuinely enjoying the process have given me a sense of competence in performing similar tasks such as planning and conducting experiments, analysing results, and evaluating research processes. AfterRead MoreSelf-Reflection - Leadership Development Essay861 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-Reflection - Leadership Development Many varied management and leadership philosophies exist and no single style or approach can be considered to be the ‘correct’ one. Regardless of management and leadership philosophies, self-reflection has played, and will continue to play, a significant role in the shaping of a managers leadership philosophy. Depending on the level of consciousness that a manager has in regards to self-reflection, along with how they communication their management andRead More1. Introduction. Reflective Practice Is A Key Part Of Working1646 Words   |  7 Pagesintrinsically linked; a clinician learns through examining experiences (Bolton, 2010). It encourages an appropriate amount of autonomy while also ensuring accountability (Tarrant, 2013). Tarrant also describes the importance of reflection for professional and personal values, and how and why a clinician does something, rather than just what is done. Development may even be hindered if reflection does not take place. The impact of reflection can be significant; as understanding increases so does the

Sophocles Antigone Essay Example For Students

Sophocles Antigone Essay A monologue from the play by Sophocles NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Greek Dramas. Ed. Bernadotte Perrin. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1904. CREON: Yea, this, my son, should by thy hearts fixed lawin all things to obey thy fathers will. Tis for this that men pray to see dutiful children grow up around them in their homesthat such may requite their fathers foe with evil, and honour, as their father doth, his friend. But he who begets unprofitable childrenwhat shall we say that he hath sown, but troubles for himself, and much triumph for his foes? Then do not thou, my son, at pleasures beck, dethrone thy reason for a womans sake; knowing that this is a joy that soon grows cold in clasping armsan evil woman to share thy bed and thy home. For what wound could strike deeper than a false friend? Nay, with loathing, and as if she were thine enemy, let this girl go to find a husband in the house of Hades. For since I have taken her, alone of all the city, in open disobedience, I will not make myself a liar to my peopleI will slay her. So let her appeal as she will to the majesty of kindred blood. If I am to nurture mine own kindr ed in naughtiness, needs must I bear with it in aliens. He who does violence to the laws, or thinks to dictate to his rulers, such a one can win no praise from me. No, whomsoever the city may appoint, that man must be obeyed, in little things and great, in just things and unjust; and I should feel sure that one who thus obeys would be a good ruler no less than a good subject, and in the storm of spears would stand his ground where he was set, loyal and dauntless at his comrades side. But disobedience is the worst of evils. This it is that ruins cities; this makes homes desolate; by this, the ranks of allies are broken into headlong rout: but, of the lives whose course is fair, the greater part owes safety to obedience. Therefore we must support the cause of order, and in no wise suffer a woman to worst us. Better to fall from power, if we must, by a mans hand; then we should not be called weaker than a woman. We will write a custom essay on Sophocles Antigone specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Sophocles Antigone Essay Example For Students Sophocles Antigone Essay Sophocles AntigoneThe debate over who is the tragic hero in Antigone continue on to this day. The belief that Antigone is the hero is a strong one. There are many critics who believe, however, that Creon, the Ruler of Thebes, is the true protagonist. I have made my own judgments also, based on what I have researched of this work by Sophocles. Antigone is widely thought of as the tragic hero of the play bearing her name. She would seem to fit the part in light of the fact that she dies in doing what is right. She buries her brother without worrying what might happen to her. She Takes into consideration death and the reality that may be beyond death (Hathorn 59). Those who do believe that Antigone was meant to be the true tragic hero argue against others who believe that Creon deserves that honor. They say that the Gods were against Creon, and that he did not truly love his country. His patriotism is to narrow and negative and his conception of justice is too exclusive to be dignified by the name of love for the state (Hathorn 59). These arguments, and many others, make many people believe the Antigone is the rightful protagonist. We will write a custom essay on Sophocles Antigone specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Many critics argue that Creon is the tragic hero of Antigone. They say that his noble quality is his caring for Antigone and Ismene when thier father was persecuted. Those who ezd behind Creon also argue that Antigone never had a true epiphany, a key element in being a tragic hero. Creon, on the other hand, realized his mistake when Teiresias made his prophecy. He is forced to live, knowing that three people are dead because of his ignorance, which is a punishment worse than death. My opinion on this debate is that Antigone is the tragic hero. She tries to help her brother without worrying about what will happen to her. She says, I intend to give my brother burial. Ill be glad to die in the attempt, -if its a crime, then its a crime that God commands (Sophocles 4). She was also punished for doing what was right. Her epiphany came, hidden from the audience, before she hung herself. Creons nobleness of taking in young Antigone and Ismene is overshadowed by his egotistical nature. He will not allow justice to come about simply because he wants to protect his image. He says, If she gets away with this behavior, call me a woman and call her a man (Sophocles 13). These elements prove that Antigone is the tragic hero. Creon, underezding his ignorance may lead one to believe that he is the true protagonist. But, if you define the word protagonist you would find that a protagonist is one who is a leader or supporter of a cause. Antigone is in support of her own actions in the burial of her brother Polyneices. She entrusts that she is doing what the Gods want, contrary to the belief of Creon. Many readers and critics may say Creon suffered greator hardships. Some may say Antigone never had an epiphany. Who would underezd it if their own brother were left to the birds and dogs. There would be no rational thinking involved in a act like this. These are arguments envolved in deciding who is the tragic hero of Antigone. Critics, to this day, still argue about who is the tragic hero of Antigone. Many say that Antigone is the heroin. Others say that it is Creon. My research favors Antigone as the perfect protagonist. No matter who the reader sides with, it is agreed by most that there is a valid argument either way, in light of the fact that they both endure great hardships. .u0f4285ecb392bacd63c40cf363b35b97 , .u0f4285ecb392bacd63c40cf363b35b97 .postImageUrl , .u0f4285ecb392bacd63c40cf363b35b97 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0f4285ecb392bacd63c40cf363b35b97 , .u0f4285ecb392bacd63c40cf363b35b97:hover , .u0f4285ecb392bacd63c40cf363b35b97:visited , .u0f4285ecb392bacd63c40cf363b35b97:active { border:0!important; } .u0f4285ecb392bacd63c40cf363b35b97 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0f4285ecb392bacd63c40cf363b35b97 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transiti on: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0f4285ecb392bacd63c40cf363b35b97:active , .u0f4285ecb392bacd63c40cf363b35b97:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0f4285ecb392bacd63c40cf363b35b97 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u0f4285ecb392bacd63c40cf363b35b97 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0f4285ecb392bacd63c40cf363b35b97 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0f4285ecb392bacd63c40cf363b35b97 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height : 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0f4285ecb392bacd63c40cf363b35b97:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0f4285ecb392bacd63c40cf363b35b97 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .u0f4285ecb392bacd63c40cf363b35b97 .u0f4285ecb392bacd63c40cf363b35b97-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0f4285ecb392bacd63c40cf363b35b97:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Electoral College (537 words) Essay

Nature Nurture free essay sample

To disprove Locke’s argument and prove that it is in fact a mix of both nature and nurture in human development, the example of Anti-social behaviour is used. The three main arguments of a cross-sectional study of identical and non-identical twins, the cause of anti-social behaviour and Adoption studies will be used to shed strong doubt on Locke’s ideology that Nurture is the only influence in Anti-social behaviour. The features of anti-social behaviour include ‘hyperactivity-inattention, novelty- or sensation-seeking, impulsivity, low physiological reactivity, and cognitive impairment,’ (Locke) and Locke supports his argument that Nature is the cause for this through such theories as Piaget’s social cognitive development theory stating that encouragement from parents can develop a child’s attitude towards things such as praising them for taking their first steps which encourages them to do it again. The first line of evidence supporting ‘Nature’ concerning identical or monozygotic twins, challenges Locke’s argument that ‘nurture’ is the only influential factor in development. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature Nurture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The cross-comparison of over 800 sets of identical and 800 sets of non-identical dizygotic twins was conducted in Edinburgh university to measure whether upbringing: nurture, or genetics: nature has a greater effect on the success of people throughout their lives in reference to behaviours specific to people with anti-social behaviour. The study was led by Professor Timothy Bates, who quotes Previously, the role of family and the environment around the home often dominated peoples ideas about what affected psychological wellbeing. However, this work highlights a much more powerful influence from genetics. The reason that twins are used in this study is because they are traditionally from the same home environments and upbringing, but it is only identical twins which share the same genetic information and one hundred percent of their polymorphic genes. The study include questions aimed at determining key personality traits such as social skills, learning abilities, self-control and a sense of purpose, all key issues in anti-social behaviour, through application of a well-established psychological scale to measure answers. The researchers of Edinburgh university wrote in the journal of Personality, claiming that â€Å"Identical twins are twice as likely as non-identical twins to share the same personality traits, suggesting that their DNA is in fact more influential than their upbringing. Genetics were most influential on people’s sense of self control, and also affected their social and learning abilities to the same degree as well as restraint and persistence with situations when they got difficult. ’ As stated by Bates, the comparison of twins with identical twins in regards to their social and behavioural reactions conflicts Locke’s argument of nature being more influential than nature, as it is disproved by the fifty percent increase in like behaviour in identical twins based entirely on their genetic makeup and not on their upbringing. The second line of evidence used to argue Locke’s ideology of Nature being the total influence in regards to anti-social behaviour is from American psychologist, Michael Rutter. He supports the idea that anti-social behaviour is acquired through a shared ratio of nurtured influence and genetic inheritance: â€Å"For example, genetic studies have been important in demonstrating that antisocial behaviour associated with early onset hyperactivity-inattention, poor peer relationships, and widespread social malfunction has a strong genetic component, whereas antisocial behaviour without these accompanying problems is largely environmental in origin. Such findings have been informative in showing that the genetic component is greater in the case of antisocial behaviour that persists into adult life than in antisocial behaviour confined to the teenage period. † The argues that anti-social behaviours such as hyper activity-inattention are strongly genetic-received, and that this genetic type of anti-social behaviour is persistent later in ife, while including that anti-social behaviour can be largely environmental in terms of short term anti-social behaviour that is confined mainly to adolescence. Rutter claims that his findings on genetic anti-social behaviour across the longer time-span induced by nature and shorter time-span induced by nurture ‘show that genetic influences on antisocial behaviour affect the probability that such behaviour will occur rather than determine it directly. This solidifies the idea that both nature and nurture induced anti-social behaviours are influential factors in deciding the cause of w hat brings anti-social behaviour on, but, as shown in his previous quote, affect the probability that anti-social behaviour will occur, but do not bring it on directly: that is, anti-social behaviour cannot be put down to one of the two sides of nature or nurture. Rutter’s opinion on the formation of anti-social behaviours being a mix of both nature and nurture challenge Locke’s firm opinion that it is purely from nature that affect anti-social behaviours. Rutter also uses the example of petty crime to support the argument of nurture over nature, following on from his claim that a percentage of anti-social behaviour can be attained from environmental factors influenced by nurture. â€Å"Equally, genetic findings have been important in showing that there is a much weaker genetic component in violent crime than in petty theft. † This shows that petty crime, an associated offense brought on by short-term anti-social behaviour is largely influential from nature. By supporting the nature argument, Rutter shows that there is a possibility that anti-social behaviour that is acquired through hereditary can still be influenced by environmental influences, shown by the idea that a person can commit petty crime based on a nature-based anti-social trait, and again supporting that there cannot be a side of nature or nurture that is completely responsible for the formation of anti-social behaviours without the other coming into the equation. The third line of evidence using anti-social behaviour to shed doubt on Locke’s theory that development is based purely on nurtured influences is the study of Adoption. Adoption focuses on the relocation of a child from their maternal parents to their adopted parents with a completely different environment and influence on the nurture of the child’s development, classified by E. Ann Viding into two groups: ‘Genetic influences are indicated by the association between adoptee and biological relative. Environmental influences are indicated by the association between adoptee and adoptive relative. ‘ Raymond R. Crowe conducted a test to measure whether or not ‘heredity contributes to the development of antisocial personality using a group of offspring born to female offenders. ’ All 92 females studied were placed up for adoption in their infancy years, divided into 2 groups: forty-six probands with an equal number of controlled adoptees who were later followed up and interviewed when they reached the ages of 18 years and over. The results of Crowe’s study showed that ‘A significantly higher rate of antisocial personality was found among the probands than among the controls. The non-anti-social probands proved not to be more deviant than the controls. The antisocial probands experienced certain unfavourable conditions in infancy that may be related to the development of antisocial personality, the most notable being the length of time spent in temporary care prior to final placement. Although the control group was equally exposed to the same conditions, they did not develop a high rate of the disorder. The findings point to the importance of interactions between genetic and environmental factors in the development of antisocial personality. ’ In Crowe’s study, he demonstrates how the controlled and proband adoptee’s underwent the same adoption phase, interview phase, but the variables included their hereditary and environments. By suggesting that the group with the significantly higher anti-social behaviour qualities was the proband adoptee group, he is stating that the control group, despite being exposed to the same conditions of adoption, did not develop anti-social behaviours, while the proband group was significantly did. By this, it shred’s serious doubt on Locke’s argument that personal development is based only on the nurtured influences as if this was the case, both groups would have a random distribution of anti-social behaviours and not be a systematic set of results as shown in Crowe’s results of the proband group being affected. By using adoption as a relevant point of argument against Locke, it shows that development of Anti-social behaviours, despite being separated from biological offending mothers, can still develop in an adopted child regardless of their environment in a proband study group and gives credit to nature as an element of influence in development for adopted children. In conclusion, the three arguments of a cross—sectional study of identical and non-identical wins to demonstrate likeness in anti-social behaviours in genetically exact identical twins and Rutter’s argument on how anti-social behaviours are formed both demonstrate how both Nature and Nurture are vital in development of Anti-social behaviours. The third argument of Adoption demonstrated a more influential Nature-based contribution than Nurture by showing that only one group of adoptee’s suffered from anti-social behaviours, and as a result, raises alongside the other two lines of evidence strong doubt to Loc ke’s quote that anti-social behaviour is acquired only through Nurture. Reference list Crowe, R. (1974) An Adoption Study of Antisocial Personality. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1974; 31(6):785-791. doi:10. 1001/archpsyc. 1974. 01760180027003 Haimowitz, A. G. (1974) Heredity Versus Environment: Twin, Adoption, and Family Studies. Rochester institute of Technology, Rochester. Locke, J. (1994) Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Herrnstein amp; Murray, p. 311 Mcrae, R. Saunders, R. Smith, P. 2000) Nature over nurture: Temperament, personality, and life span development. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol 78(1), 173-186. Rutter, M. (1997) Nature-nurture integration: The example of antisocial behaviour. Vol 52(4), 390-398. Science daily (October 2007) Retrieved from: http://www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2007/10/071016131452. htm Viding, E. (2004) On the nature and nurture of antisocial behaviour and violence. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1036: 267-277.

Media Disgrace essays

Media Disgrace essays More coverage than O.J. More coverage than Diana. More than Oklahoma City, and more coverage than even Monica Lewinsky. You guessed it, Election 2000, and the media loved every minute of it. Savoring the proverbial field-day, U.S. journalists greatly assisted in dividing the country, destroying the peoples respect for the American legal system, embarrassing the worlds superpower, and simply annoying the crap out of everyone. To put it simply, the media didnt do its job, especially when it came to the really focal points of the recent election: pre-election coverage, election-night coverage, and post-election coverage including the Florida recount. In order to obtain more ground to cover, the media started off by telling the people just how different the two major candidates were (always relishing partisanship), when in truth, they arent that polarized. Of course, they have vaguely different views on how to accomplish certain goals, but for the most part, those goals are the same. Its the usual, strengthen our economy, preserve social security, improve education, yada yada yada; the candidates just occasionally differ on how to do so leading to an enduring joke about the American people not really wanting either candidate. The candidates are also similar in that they both exaggerated and skirted around lying in pre-election campaigning. The media compounded these problems by not being able to decide whether to be responsible enough to analyze these campaign claims and when they half-heartedly made any attempts they were often off the mark. Unfortunately, we a tendency to remember the few hits and forget the innumerable misses. For example, the media showed a keen interest in Gore's recounting the story of a Sarasota, Florida student who was forced to stand in her science class due to overcrowding. While many reports chalked it up as another Gore embellishment, few journalists acknowle...

Strategy theory and practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategy theory and practice - Essay Example US-based home building industries depend on fluctuations of interest rates. The structure of the home building industry has become progressively more attractive. Investors within the industry consist of two main competitive classes: multi-regional builders and smaller builders, (often inclusive of National Association of Home Builders members). Another fact that the home building industry is growing despite a stagnant economy is the increasing stock rates of building companies that are on the rise. Though the industry as a whole has been hit financially, there are incorporated building companies succeeding in the marketplace. Regardless of limited success, there are some predicaments within this industry that’ve been triggered by the recession. The new developments can be outlined as follows: A. The Great Recession has caused a negative impact on the house building industry 1. The building of new single-family homes has decreased for more than 80% in comparison with 2005 (Econ omic and Housing Data) 2. Modern buyers are purchasing smaller houses, which are cheaper 3.

Literary theory (Althusser) Answering discussion questions Assignment

Literary theory (Althusser) Answering discussion questions - Assignment Example Indeed, in Reading Capital, he points out that the retrospection of the past is not ideology, but serves, in his words, â€Å"the legitimate epistemological primacy of the present over the past.† This served as one of the sources of his criticism of the French communist party, as a criticism of ideology on epistemological grounds will always sit uncomfortably with those emotionally invested in a given ideology. His criticism in the same work of â€Å"subjective and arbitrary ideologies† on Marxist grounds suggests that discourse within ideology was not his aim. Similarly, there is the question of â€Å"complete† ideology. In Althusserian criticism, no ideology is ever complete, and any attempt by an ideology to fully control or dominate a text will only end up exposing the limitations of that ideology. One classic example is Frank Capra’s classic â€Å"message† film It’s A Wonderful Life, in which George Bailey triumphs over the machinations of the evil Mr. Potter, except insofar as he doesn’t. The film ends with Potter still fully in control of Bedford Falls, having suffered not so much as a moment’s inconvenience while George was wrestling with suicide.

Increasing Indian Film Presence in the International Market

Increasing Indian Film Presence in the International Market 1. Chapter One: INTRODUCTION In these modern times of instant digital communication, film has turn out to be one of the most vital way through various nations and cultures reveal their values and identities. Moving image technologies has turn out to be all-encompassing in our lives. They are huge business. Apart from that, a capability to recognize and apply them has become as important for the people of this present era as literacy was in the times of19th and 20th century (India PR Wire, April 4, 2007). The tempo, scale and consequences of this transformation are significant enough. The Indian Film industry has made a huge development ever since the Motion pictures first arrived in India in the year of 1896 when the Lumiere brothers revealed six silent short films in Bombay. The first feature film of India named- King Harishchandra (which was a silent movie) was released in the year of1913. In India the first ‘talkie’ movie that released was Alam Ara in the year 1931 (India PR Wire, April 4, 2007) . 1.1 Film Production Houses In India A film production house is normally connected with the in-house production. It could categorize, make or telecast various segments of programs around news, films, multimedia, television shows, sports or ad films. India can be regarded as a home to a several well-known production houses from all the aforesaid stated areas. www.bestindiansites.com specifies top leading Indian websites on production houses of India, sports production house, ad film production house, film production house, sports production house, information on production house, list of production houses, television production house, multimedia production house, and a several other significant information’s (Subramaniam, A, 2003). We can in reality utter about various types of production houses such as Independent and corporate and just detail it by stating that Individual production houses are managed by just 1 or 2 producers and the infusion of capital investment for the production purpose is mainly generated by personal investment or by the means of loans taken from private investor. For corporate houses we could only cite that it is just like as any other corporate deal with the only differentiation that it produces films which is considered under the head of creative segment (essentially organised corporate structure of producing in creative industries – which is a new concept for Indian film industry) (Subramaniam, A, 2003) So when ‘Industry’ status was granted in 2000, Corporate started getting attracted towards the films industry realising the huge potential that was there to be exploited. When the corporate started entering to film industry with huge investment power they started incorporating studio culture of Hollywood by following vertical integration. Leaving behind the prevailing system of horizontal integration to the independent producers. The studio model production house started giving more importance to the content. It stressed on script development, introducing younger generation actors and directors, budget and time management, co productions and international distribution. None of the new corporate production house had the background of film production when they entered the segment. However most of them were involved in activities related to the media (The Business Line, 2007). Barney says that the first to exploit the resources would gain competitive advantage over its rivals. This is exactly how the corporate production houses gained advantage over independent producers. The Industry had a lot of potential to grow with its wide acceptance globally. but the independent production houses had neglected this aspect, so when the corporate entered the industry they took complete advantage by using the unexploited resources of reach of the films and its growth possibilities steps (Barney, 1991). To exploit the resources of growth prospective, the studio model was developed under these parameters- To Produce and co produce the movies with strong content and story line. To complete the movie with in the budget and also in time. To sign contractual agreements with actors and directors. To focus on medium and large scale budget movies. To develop a huge distribution network nationally and internationally These parameters are not different from any other studio mode l in the world. Corporate production houses main aim was to apply these practices and standards in other markets, to the Indian market. The reason for doing this was to make maximum utilisation of the resources available. Already registered in the London Stock Exchange, several Indian film companies like as Eros, Ad labs, India Film Company, and utv – have generated immense capital from the various institutional investors who were keen to invest in Indian film companies. Moreover several Western film companies are looking forward for acquiring an ample equity share in these companies (Desai 2007). In this regard on 24 January 2005, Percept Picture Company associated with Michael Douglas’ production company Further Films and Sahara One to co-produce the $50-million Racing the Monsoon. Also on 1 September Sahara declared one more alliance, and this time with a Hollywood producer Donald Rosenfeld for Tree of Life starring Colin Farrell. These are two among a total of six Hollywood coproductions. (Kohli- Khandekar 2006.). On 20 October, 2005, Sony Pictures sign on Sanjay Leela Bhansali to co-produce Saawariya. The film was released globally in the year of 2007 with around 1,000 prints, a fig ure which was not heard of in the previous times for an Indian film. [The figure is on average 250.] Moreover this was the first time that a renowned Hollywood studio (that one of top six) had produced an Indian film. (Kohli-Khandekar 2006.) Indian admired cinema, remarkably Bollywood – the Mumbai (Bombay) film industry has witnessed several transformations given that it’s first beginnings. A few key modifications that took place at the turn of the century when Indian Popular Cinema gained the position of an industry.(1) After that the Indian film has developed in new directions. One such change was a more intense interplay between the global and the local which took place during the 1990s. Today, every single function and activity related to the Indian film business is becoming well defined and systematized, be it the retail infrastructure, financial aspect, marketing or distribution. Even films themselves are gradually falling into place. In just under five years, t he industry has shed five decades of baggage and has become an organised business. This is a new Indian film industry (Kohli-Khandekar 2006). Film producers are interested in creating serious corporate structures, and Indian as well as foreign business is pouring money into the cinema. A wall of money is descending on Bollywood and there is a huge bubble building up (Desai 2007). Evaluating by the amount of movies produced by the Indian film industry, which is about more than one thousand movies per year, it is been regarded as the largest movie industry of the globe. The studio has reached international and also the profit earnings of the several Indian movies were greater in overseas locations than in India. Indian films have been witnessed in the leading ten lists of movies in the continents of UK and USA ((The Business Line, 2007)). 1.2 An overview of Indian film industry 1.2.1 Historical Section How Bollywood has evolved India has been regarded as the biggest movie industry of the world, if we talk about the number of movies produced in a year. It produces around more than 1000 films per year, which is greater than any of the film producing country. The Indian film industry is commonly regarded as BOLLYWOOD. The first Indian cinema was arrived in the year of 1913 with RAJA HARISHCHANDRA firstly coming into the picture and paving its way to the new period of silent cinema in India (Das Gupta, S., 2006). Since that time it has witnessed a vast series of evolution both in conditions of making and marketing of the Indian films. We will largely talk about the evolution that took place from the year of 1980s to present time. India produces more films than any other country in the world, the government of India didn’t recognize filmmaking as an official industry until as recently as 2001. Before then, it was impossible for producers to get loans from banks or even insurance for their productions. As a result, producers often paid for their films out of their own pockets – a practice most American producers would consider absurdly risky – or obtained financing from less savory sources (Das Gupta, S., 2006): The unruly aspects of film production weren’t just limited to its financing. In some cases, it would take years to shoot a film. Overbooked film stars would show up egregiously late on set (or not at all) without penalty, scripts were often rewritten on set depending on which actors showed up, contracts were verbal and often violated, and produced films had no guarantees of finding distribution. All of these factors combined to make Bollywood film production an extremely risky endeavour (Das Gupta, S., 2006). 1980-1990 In India maximum number of films were produced by Independent (SingleSolo) producers or Family production houses, Big production companies like Rajashri productions, B.R Productions and R.K Productions were family owned production houses and in some cases it can be traced back to several generations.(Taebue and Lorenzen-2007) â€Å"In this period the Indian film industry seemed to make the least progress and in some case journey in the path of deprogress† (Ashish Tiwari). Most of the films were produced on a Formula which had protagonist the male lead character of the film who is called as the Hero and his female counter part as the Heroine who romanced with the Hero singing and dancing around the trees, this strategy gave birth to the masala films (Hindi for â€Å"spice mix†) â€Å"It was a compound made up of several elemental combinations that had drama comedy and romance along with song and dance sequences in symbol driven rather than plot driven† ( Lorenzen Taeube-2006). â€Å"The controversial author Salman Rushdie found a very precise and creative term that sums up the subject of Indian films perfectly, describing it as: ‘Epico-Mythico-Tragico-Comico-Super-Sexy-High- Masala-Art’ (Salman Rushdi, 1995 in â€Å"The Moor’s Last Sigh† quoted in Mishra,)†(Adleline Pissang-2000). Repetition of these kinds of stereotype films kept the audience away from theatres. Introduction of colour television and national coverage by Doordarshan in early 1980’s caused a drop in demand for Indian films. The middle class audience preferred to watch new Television soaps and old films on video cassettes (VHS) in their home rather than going to cinema halls. So the cinema halls became a run down and regarded suitable only for lower class men who could not afford a television preferred watching hard core violent films in theatres with lots of action and skimpily clad women dancing in the rain (Misara-2002). Competitio n from television made film production houses think innovatively, to hold their grip on the medium, so they started upgrading their films with lavish sets and so called â€Å"multi starrer† films which in turn increased the importance of star actors. So naturally the star actors wanted to cash in on their ‘star value’ and started charging exorbitant sums to act in a single film which in turn escalated the production cost of the film (Gopalan-2002). This was at the same time when the Indian music industry was on a high and could turn around the profit margins of even those films that failed at the box- office. The movie soundtrack became a key publicity stunt for the movies and the number of tracks and their popularity increased steadily. The pre- movie launch of music could determine the fate of a movie because if the music did well in the market then it created a huge wave amongst the public before the film got released. The sales of the audio cassettes used to bring in good share of revenue. The producers always hoped and worked towards making the music of their film a hit by casting good/popular music directors and famous playback singers for their films. Again, the producer had to invest a lot more on a popular music director but it was chance worth taking (Ganti-2004). 1990-2000 The introduction of cable T.V. was the greatest revolution of this era. It changed the outlook of film industry, though initially the survival of film industry was challenged with the entry of cable T.V. as it was an instant hit with the audience because it provided plenty of regional language channels like ZEE TV, SUN network and as well as few English channels STAR, HBO which aired films on their channels. But gradually the production houses understood the potential of the cable T.V. as it found a way for new source of income through selling its film rights at relatively higher prices for its telecast in television which is called as satellite rights (Pendakur-2003). Subsequently the film industry started depending on television as a medium of publicity by broadcasting songs and advertising campaigns of their films to pull the audiences to the theatres (David Hancock-1999). Music channels like MTV and V channel could not sustain by just transmitting private non film and internation al music albums so they had to take cover of film songs to increase their popularity in India (Bose-2006). It is believed that the criminal sources like underworld had a very strong hold on the Indian film industry; they controlled the whole production process of the films that they financed by dictating the terms in Bollywood like casting a superstar and selecting brilliant directors to work for their films. It is also believed that celebrities of the industry had close links with the mafia. Though usage of Black money (unaccounted money) in films was not an unfamiliar thing for ages but funding from underworld started in this period. It is estimated that 40% of film productions were financed by the underworld (Kripalani and Grover 2002; David Hancock-1998). The early 1990’s can be called as the period of stagnation; the commercial cinema had ridiculous dialogues, baseless stories with no originality in them (Ashish Tiwari 2007). Few films in mid 1990’s were huge hits which broke most of the previous records. These films were big budget, romantic films (Dwyer and Patel) which upheld the family values in them. The two astronomical hits were HUM APKE HAI KAUN? (Who am I to You?) This released in 1994 and went onto run for two years in more than 50 theatres and DILWALE DULHANIA LE JAYENGE!! (The Brave Heart Will Take the Bride) got released in 1995 and was still running in its 13th year for 679th week as on 17th October 2008 at Marata Mandhir Cinema in Mumbai (www). Both these films were on similar lines, they were big budget romantic films with no actions sequence in them. In the former’s case the whole film was shot in beautiful gigantic sets going outdoors only for song sequence, which had 12 music tracks in it. In l atter’s case maximum portion of the shoot took place in foreign locales. The audio of both these films were massive hits because they used the full potential of television by telecasting their songs and ad campaigns before the theatrical release. Both the production houses (Rajashri Productions and Yashraj Productions) of these films took great interest in refurbishing the theatres before the release of their films because they precisely knew their target audience were the upper middle class and family audiences who were content with television and they had to bring them back to the theatres. Once they succeeded â€Å"it marked the dominance of new middle class and uphold them to the pleasure of socially mixed audience both in India and overseas†. (Dwyer and Patel-2002) Rajashri and Yashraj Productions were the good old big production houses which started the trend for these kinds of films with big budget, but most of the small scale productions could not cope with this and had to stop producing films. Gradually number of films produced per year dropped. Source: David Hancock; Global Film production (Working Document) Venice Conference The biggest and greatest breakthrough in the Indian Cinema came in 1998. This is the year the Indian government recognised the potential of Indian cinema and granted the official status of ‘Industry’. Until then the public as well as private banks and other big financial institutions desisted from getting involved with the film production companies so the producers always had to depend on private money lenders for the capital for their films (Dwyer Patel, 2002). Now the production houses are getting their capital from public investments through semi public Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) and other public banks (Lorenzen Taeube, 2006) 2000- Till date.. Indian Film Industry started in its way of revival of sorts, in 2001 all the prints of the film Chori Chori Chupke Chupke which had a huge star cast was seized by the Central Bureau of Investigation suspecting it to be funded by the underworld and the producer of the film Bharath Shah was arrested for having close connections with the underworld. After this incident most of the producers feared to be identified with the under world. So the underworld gradually lost its hold in the Bollywood. Shooting at overseas location for a film is not new to Bollywood they have been doing this since 1960’s but currently there is an increasing trend of Indian film crew shooting at foreign locales. This is because of the huge global market for the Indian films. Many films are released simultaneously in U.S.A. and U.K. and there are instances where the returns from overseas collections is higher than the home collections. The script writers and Directors cannot neglect the overseas market any more while scripting and shooting for their film (Dudrah, R K, 2006). After the liberalisation of the industry in 1998 Direct Foreign Investments, Global Investors, Private Corporate started entering the film industry. Hollywood Majors like Universal, 21st Century Fox started investing in the Indian film industry through joint ventures with the Indian production houses. The corporate production houses are gaining importance in the film industry. Corporate houses like ADLABS, EROS, UTV, K.SERA SERA and many others have already made a mark in B.S.E. (Bombay Stock Exchange) and even in L.S.E. (London Stock Exchange). In the current scenario 20% of the total India films are produced by corporate giants (Anand times- 2006). They have developed professional ways of organising business, mergers, outsourcing, distributing, use of new technology and marketing content. The corporate houses have brought in the much needed professional flavour in to films which were missing in the production process earlier. The main advantage of the corporate house is it can prod uce more number of films simultaneously; it produces 5-6 films per year where as compared to the individual production houses cannot afford to produce more than 2-3 films in a year even after the deregulation. The greatest advantage of a corporate production house is it has a huge capital to invest on its films. Usually the risk is higher on a single movie basis, but the risk spreads out as they produce lot of films simultaneously. They employ professionals in their firm as compared to the single producers of 80’s who used change their crew after every film. Few corporate houses even have their own multiplex cinema which helps in theatrical release as well as in developing a marketing strategy for their films. The corporate giants are investing hugely on the industry as a result of this the film Industry is already the 3rd largest industry in India (Dudrah-2006). The production houses are aiming at a homogenous or serial form of production as opposed to heterogeneous form of production they had earlier. The main purpose of switching to this form of production is to control all means of production and operate all aspects of film making from finance to production and distribution (Prasad-1998). The best example being Yashraj Productions. They have their own studios for recording, dubbing and editing and also have production equipments required for the shoot. With in the production house they also have different sections like Yashraj Distribution for overseas and home market, Yashraj Music for all their audio sales and Yashraj Video for home video like DVD’s and VCD’s. It was one of the first production houses to hire management students from Indian Institute of Management, Ahmadabad (IIMA) to market their films and also to set up their whole business process. They also stated their own website to market and project their media image (Dywer Patel- 2002). Professionalization has brought new and better modes of planning. There are changed practices of production where there are professionals working constantly for the better utilization of funds, bringing production costs down and maximizing the profits Film production in India is becoming an organised business. The overall film industry is taking on professional colours. 1.3 Size and growth opportunities The total size of Indian film industry was estimated at around Rs.56.5bn (inr40 = usd1 Iit is anticipated to touch a huge figure of about Rs.153bn by the year of 2010 with taking into account 18 percent compound annual growth rate (cagr) as per the estimates of ficci-Pricewaterhouse- Coopers in the year 2006. On the whole, the Indian film industry was anticipated to be value of about usd1.8bn in the year 2006. On the basis of a thorough top-down analysis considering the share of private consumption as a proportion of gdp, the marketshare for media and entertainment (me) expenditures, and film budgets within the me space it was accounted that the Indian film industry will be valued in between usd4.4 and 5.1bn (between inr176bn and inr204bn) by 2011 (cii-A.T. Kearney 2007). The movie industry has been getting more and more corporatized. Many film production, distribution and exhibition houses are listed on the stock markets and they have raised capital through public issue. Several the atres around the nation have been developed into multiplexes and plans to build up additional digital cinema halls are by now in lime light. This will certainly not only enhance the quality of prints and thereby providing viewing a extra pleasant experience for the audiences but will also decrease the piracy of prints (ficci-PricewaterhouseCoopers 2006). These days piracy is a major issue for the Indian film industry. Not initiating nay major anti-piracy laws on the part of the government and an absence of educated officers that implements anti-piracy laws remains the vital issue. These are the main issue which is why the piracy business has not been able to control to a greater extent. This issue along with the lengthy legal and arbitration process is regarded as prevention to the fight against piracy. Apart from this the present Copyrights Act is also obsolete in conditions to technology enhancement and in addition, it does not deal with the requirements of the electronic media wh ere the degree of piracy is amongst the maximum in present time. The Optical Disc Law draft established to deal with the requirement for regulating piracy at the manufacturing phase is still pending for the approval of the Indian ministry (ficci-PricewaterhouseCoopers 2006). As against to few developed markets where the home market symbolizes greater than 40% of total movie revenues, the home market share in India is comparatively small (8%), though, this share is anticipated to rise to about 14% by the year of 2010. The important pushers that will facilitate this are the rising amount of reasonably priced DVD players and lesser prices of original DVDs so as to battle the issues of piracy (cii-A.T. Kearney 2007). The Indian entertainment and media industry enjoys a lot of aid in the present times – be it regulations that permit foreign investment, the momentum from the economy, digital lifestyle and spending styles of the consumers, and also several opportunities the development in technology have to provide. The industry only has to do is to realize its growth potential and opportunities. The government is required to play a greater dynamic task in solving out the policy-related obstruction for the purpose of growth. The industry is required to get rid of all obstructions, like as piracy in an intensive way along with the measures to produce high-quality global class end products. The entertainment and media industry has all ingredients which it generally takes to turn into the star of Indian economy (ficci-PricewaterhouseCoopers 2006). There are two important movements that will basically transform the scene of the Indian film industry in the coming couple of years, namely digitizati on and a change in consumer preferences. Digitization will lead to consolidation and appearance of huge scale exhibition networks and, and apart from this, in the balance of power among producers-distributors and exhibitors. Changing customer preferences will lead to rising international acceptance of Indian films and in the upcoming of new media (cii-A.T. Kearney 2007). Growth opportunities in terms of Corporate production houses Indian film industry comprises of numerous regional clusters, and Bollywood is merely one of them. Bollywood is the cluster located in Mumbai, producing the biggest share of films (40%) mainly in Hindi (PWC FICCI, 2007). Bollywood is the oldest film cluster in India, dating back to early 20th century. Other film clusters in India like as one in Hyderabad, called â€Å"Tollywood† produces second biggest amount of films mainly in Telugu. While other clusters produce films chiefly in their local language. Growth opportunities in terms of Indian Film Industry 1.31 Current situation Currently the success ratios of films are very low at the box office. Only 10 to 20% of films break even or earn profits (Ganapathi, 2002; Pendakur, 2003; Ganti, 2004; Lorenzen Taeube, 2006) but most of the producers make money, recouping their investments through new auxiliary sources of revenue () like satellite rights music rights, home video rights(DVD), video games, toys, computer wallpapers, ring tones, movie clips for mobile and selling ancillary rights. The new trend is product placement in films which brings in a lot of revenue and even helps in publicity of the film. In the period of 1998-2005 i.e after gaining the status of industry, the revenues in the films have grown by 360% this is including all revenues from advertising, selling of ancillary rights and music rights (Kholi- Khandekar, 2006; Lorenzen Taeube, 2006). The digital relay of films in cinema theatres is saving a lot of money as you don’t have to develop the physical print, which took a major share in a film budget. The industry is losing more than 40% of its revenue through Piracy (David Hancock-1998). Copyright infringement of films is so wide spread in India it can be called as a ‘small scale industry’. Bootleg copies of DVD’s are available in the market on the same day the film officially releases in theatres or some times even before that. Pirated DVD’s and CD’s of Bollywood movies are available in most of the South Asian and South East Asian countries. The small cable television channels broadcast newly released films in their channels without paying any kind of compensation. Another problem is consumer copying which is very difficult to stop. To add on to this is Online Internet movies where consumers can download movies from websites like www.bhejafry.net, www.indiaonlinemovies.com and many more without actually paying anything. The technical skills of the Indian Film Industry has always been extraordinary but most of the time they had to settle for old and very poor quality of equipments. But now due to huge market and Corporatisation they can afford to buy more sophisticated equipments. Digital facilities for Sound Recording, Dubbing, Editing is as good as anywhere in the world (Dwyer Patel, 2002). Bollywood has always been very enthusiastic about embracing new technologies in their films, and it is also been much quicker in doing this than the Hollywood (Currah, 2007). The Film Industry is using all the latest technologies like Arry 435 for the shoot, Avid and Mac products for post production work. Sync sound, D.I.(Digital Intermediate), Animations and special effects with Graphics are used extensively. The Indian Film Industry can now even employ foreign technicians to work for them to improve the quality of the final product. In the blockbuster film KRRISH- (2006) the action sequence was choreographed by Tony Ching from Hong Kong and all the special effects for the film was done by Hollywood technicians (Minocha and Stonehouse- 2006). Globalisation has four facets, that is, movement of goods, capital, technology and people across borders. In terms of movement of goods (i. e., movies) Indian movie industry has a long history of presence in the global market. Awara was sent to the Soviet Union and other Communist bloc countries crazy in the year of1950s. Mehboob’s Aan had a French release after its premiere in London. Long before that Himansu Rai made visually stunning films in cooperation with the Germans in the early 1930s, like The Light of Asia and A Throw of Dice, and many more which were shown in Europe as Indian films with Indian stories. By then the Bombay film industry had been around for 35 years. The film industry is definitely as old as the cinema itself and surely older than Hollywood, which has its early development in the late 1900s (Desai 2007). The exports of the Indian movie have grown for approximately 60% in recent times. The USA and Canada are two main export locations witnessing for 30 percent than by the UK with 25% and Mauritius and Dubai with 10% each. Some other main markets comprise South Africa, Russia, Fiji, New Zealand and Australia where there is abundant Indian diasporas present. Making a film for the diaspora market is a certainly a moneymaking project as against to making a film for the Indian domestic market (Desai 2007). With the global audience, there is outstanding recognition of Indian movie themes along with sew of the cross-over films made by global movie production players. The profit earnings of these movies can be match up to to few of the Hollywood box office hits. A number of Bollywood movies have gained greater than 50% of their total gross profit margin from global box office collection. However it is a welcome movement that requires to be carried on. One of the significant success factors for these cinemas is to recognize ideas from within the Indian subjects which are liked by the audience. An additional important success factor is to associate with a top global distributor; films produced by the person of Indian origin have had up to 2–3 times greater global earnings as compared to the national bestsellers (cii- A.T. Kearney 2007). Table 2 reveals a series of cross over films and the revenue earning generated by these films. India has stated its determined plans to double its share in the international film industry by the end of this year. This shows the great determination of the country to build itself as a cultural as well as economic powerhouse. There are many reasons why we must believe that. To begin with, the government, which aims on considering Bollywood to set up India as a ‘soft power’, considers the Indian film industry is competent enough to capture five percent of the international market this season. The share at the present time is two percent (Johnson 2007). Kishore Lulla, the chief executive of Eros International, a uk-listed company that releases about thirty new Bollywood films in India and in the rest of the world each year, â€Å"says the government’s target can be achieved. India is experiencing almost hundred percent growth in grosses Increasing Indian Film Presence in the International Market Increasing Indian Film Presence in the International Market 1. Chapter One: INTRODUCTION In these modern times of instant digital communication, film has turn out to be one of the most vital way through various nations and cultures reveal their values and identities. Moving image technologies has turn out to be all-encompassing in our lives. They are huge business. Apart from that, a capability to recognize and apply them has become as important for the people of this present era as literacy was in the times of19th and 20th century (India PR Wire, April 4, 2007). The tempo, scale and consequences of this transformation are significant enough. The Indian Film industry has made a huge development ever since the Motion pictures first arrived in India in the year of 1896 when the Lumiere brothers revealed six silent short films in Bombay. The first feature film of India named- King Harishchandra (which was a silent movie) was released in the year of1913. In India the first ‘talkie’ movie that released was Alam Ara in the year 1931 (India PR Wire, April 4, 2007) . 1.1 Film Production Houses In India A film production house is normally connected with the in-house production. It could categorize, make or telecast various segments of programs around news, films, multimedia, television shows, sports or ad films. India can be regarded as a home to a several well-known production houses from all the aforesaid stated areas. www.bestindiansites.com specifies top leading Indian websites on production houses of India, sports production house, ad film production house, film production house, sports production house, information on production house, list of production houses, television production house, multimedia production house, and a several other significant information’s (Subramaniam, A, 2003). We can in reality utter about various types of production houses such as Independent and corporate and just detail it by stating that Individual production houses are managed by just 1 or 2 producers and the infusion of capital investment for the production purpose is mainly generated by personal investment or by the means of loans taken from private investor. For corporate houses we could only cite that it is just like as any other corporate deal with the only differentiation that it produces films which is considered under the head of creative segment (essentially organised corporate structure of producing in creative industries – which is a new concept for Indian film industry) (Subramaniam, A, 2003) So when ‘Industry’ status was granted in 2000, Corporate started getting attracted towards the films industry realising the huge potential that was there to be exploited. When the corporate started entering to film industry with huge investment power they started incorporating studio culture of Hollywood by following vertical integration. Leaving behind the prevailing system of horizontal integration to the independent producers. The studio model production house started giving more importance to the content. It stressed on script development, introducing younger generation actors and directors, budget and time management, co productions and international distribution. None of the new corporate production house had the background of film production when they entered the segment. However most of them were involved in activities related to the media (The Business Line, 2007). Barney says that the first to exploit the resources would gain competitive advantage over its rivals. This is exactly how the corporate production houses gained advantage over independent producers. The Industry had a lot of potential to grow with its wide acceptance globally. but the independent production houses had neglected this aspect, so when the corporate entered the industry they took complete advantage by using the unexploited resources of reach of the films and its growth possibilities steps (Barney, 1991). To exploit the resources of growth prospective, the studio model was developed under these parameters- To Produce and co produce the movies with strong content and story line. To complete the movie with in the budget and also in time. To sign contractual agreements with actors and directors. To focus on medium and large scale budget movies. To develop a huge distribution network nationally and internationally These parameters are not different from any other studio mode l in the world. Corporate production houses main aim was to apply these practices and standards in other markets, to the Indian market. The reason for doing this was to make maximum utilisation of the resources available. Already registered in the London Stock Exchange, several Indian film companies like as Eros, Ad labs, India Film Company, and utv – have generated immense capital from the various institutional investors who were keen to invest in Indian film companies. Moreover several Western film companies are looking forward for acquiring an ample equity share in these companies (Desai 2007). In this regard on 24 January 2005, Percept Picture Company associated with Michael Douglas’ production company Further Films and Sahara One to co-produce the $50-million Racing the Monsoon. Also on 1 September Sahara declared one more alliance, and this time with a Hollywood producer Donald Rosenfeld for Tree of Life starring Colin Farrell. These are two among a total of six Hollywood coproductions. (Kohli- Khandekar 2006.). On 20 October, 2005, Sony Pictures sign on Sanjay Leela Bhansali to co-produce Saawariya. The film was released globally in the year of 2007 with around 1,000 prints, a fig ure which was not heard of in the previous times for an Indian film. [The figure is on average 250.] Moreover this was the first time that a renowned Hollywood studio (that one of top six) had produced an Indian film. (Kohli-Khandekar 2006.) Indian admired cinema, remarkably Bollywood – the Mumbai (Bombay) film industry has witnessed several transformations given that it’s first beginnings. A few key modifications that took place at the turn of the century when Indian Popular Cinema gained the position of an industry.(1) After that the Indian film has developed in new directions. One such change was a more intense interplay between the global and the local which took place during the 1990s. Today, every single function and activity related to the Indian film business is becoming well defined and systematized, be it the retail infrastructure, financial aspect, marketing or distribution. Even films themselves are gradually falling into place. In just under five years, t he industry has shed five decades of baggage and has become an organised business. This is a new Indian film industry (Kohli-Khandekar 2006). Film producers are interested in creating serious corporate structures, and Indian as well as foreign business is pouring money into the cinema. A wall of money is descending on Bollywood and there is a huge bubble building up (Desai 2007). Evaluating by the amount of movies produced by the Indian film industry, which is about more than one thousand movies per year, it is been regarded as the largest movie industry of the globe. The studio has reached international and also the profit earnings of the several Indian movies were greater in overseas locations than in India. Indian films have been witnessed in the leading ten lists of movies in the continents of UK and USA ((The Business Line, 2007)). 1.2 An overview of Indian film industry 1.2.1 Historical Section How Bollywood has evolved India has been regarded as the biggest movie industry of the world, if we talk about the number of movies produced in a year. It produces around more than 1000 films per year, which is greater than any of the film producing country. The Indian film industry is commonly regarded as BOLLYWOOD. The first Indian cinema was arrived in the year of 1913 with RAJA HARISHCHANDRA firstly coming into the picture and paving its way to the new period of silent cinema in India (Das Gupta, S., 2006). Since that time it has witnessed a vast series of evolution both in conditions of making and marketing of the Indian films. We will largely talk about the evolution that took place from the year of 1980s to present time. India produces more films than any other country in the world, the government of India didn’t recognize filmmaking as an official industry until as recently as 2001. Before then, it was impossible for producers to get loans from banks or even insurance for their productions. As a result, producers often paid for their films out of their own pockets – a practice most American producers would consider absurdly risky – or obtained financing from less savory sources (Das Gupta, S., 2006): The unruly aspects of film production weren’t just limited to its financing. In some cases, it would take years to shoot a film. Overbooked film stars would show up egregiously late on set (or not at all) without penalty, scripts were often rewritten on set depending on which actors showed up, contracts were verbal and often violated, and produced films had no guarantees of finding distribution. All of these factors combined to make Bollywood film production an extremely risky endeavour (Das Gupta, S., 2006). 1980-1990 In India maximum number of films were produced by Independent (SingleSolo) producers or Family production houses, Big production companies like Rajashri productions, B.R Productions and R.K Productions were family owned production houses and in some cases it can be traced back to several generations.(Taebue and Lorenzen-2007) â€Å"In this period the Indian film industry seemed to make the least progress and in some case journey in the path of deprogress† (Ashish Tiwari). Most of the films were produced on a Formula which had protagonist the male lead character of the film who is called as the Hero and his female counter part as the Heroine who romanced with the Hero singing and dancing around the trees, this strategy gave birth to the masala films (Hindi for â€Å"spice mix†) â€Å"It was a compound made up of several elemental combinations that had drama comedy and romance along with song and dance sequences in symbol driven rather than plot driven† ( Lorenzen Taeube-2006). â€Å"The controversial author Salman Rushdie found a very precise and creative term that sums up the subject of Indian films perfectly, describing it as: ‘Epico-Mythico-Tragico-Comico-Super-Sexy-High- Masala-Art’ (Salman Rushdi, 1995 in â€Å"The Moor’s Last Sigh† quoted in Mishra,)†(Adleline Pissang-2000). Repetition of these kinds of stereotype films kept the audience away from theatres. Introduction of colour television and national coverage by Doordarshan in early 1980’s caused a drop in demand for Indian films. The middle class audience preferred to watch new Television soaps and old films on video cassettes (VHS) in their home rather than going to cinema halls. So the cinema halls became a run down and regarded suitable only for lower class men who could not afford a television preferred watching hard core violent films in theatres with lots of action and skimpily clad women dancing in the rain (Misara-2002). Competitio n from television made film production houses think innovatively, to hold their grip on the medium, so they started upgrading their films with lavish sets and so called â€Å"multi starrer† films which in turn increased the importance of star actors. So naturally the star actors wanted to cash in on their ‘star value’ and started charging exorbitant sums to act in a single film which in turn escalated the production cost of the film (Gopalan-2002). This was at the same time when the Indian music industry was on a high and could turn around the profit margins of even those films that failed at the box- office. The movie soundtrack became a key publicity stunt for the movies and the number of tracks and their popularity increased steadily. The pre- movie launch of music could determine the fate of a movie because if the music did well in the market then it created a huge wave amongst the public before the film got released. The sales of the audio cassettes used to bring in good share of revenue. The producers always hoped and worked towards making the music of their film a hit by casting good/popular music directors and famous playback singers for their films. Again, the producer had to invest a lot more on a popular music director but it was chance worth taking (Ganti-2004). 1990-2000 The introduction of cable T.V. was the greatest revolution of this era. It changed the outlook of film industry, though initially the survival of film industry was challenged with the entry of cable T.V. as it was an instant hit with the audience because it provided plenty of regional language channels like ZEE TV, SUN network and as well as few English channels STAR, HBO which aired films on their channels. But gradually the production houses understood the potential of the cable T.V. as it found a way for new source of income through selling its film rights at relatively higher prices for its telecast in television which is called as satellite rights (Pendakur-2003). Subsequently the film industry started depending on television as a medium of publicity by broadcasting songs and advertising campaigns of their films to pull the audiences to the theatres (David Hancock-1999). Music channels like MTV and V channel could not sustain by just transmitting private non film and internation al music albums so they had to take cover of film songs to increase their popularity in India (Bose-2006). It is believed that the criminal sources like underworld had a very strong hold on the Indian film industry; they controlled the whole production process of the films that they financed by dictating the terms in Bollywood like casting a superstar and selecting brilliant directors to work for their films. It is also believed that celebrities of the industry had close links with the mafia. Though usage of Black money (unaccounted money) in films was not an unfamiliar thing for ages but funding from underworld started in this period. It is estimated that 40% of film productions were financed by the underworld (Kripalani and Grover 2002; David Hancock-1998). The early 1990’s can be called as the period of stagnation; the commercial cinema had ridiculous dialogues, baseless stories with no originality in them (Ashish Tiwari 2007). Few films in mid 1990’s were huge hits which broke most of the previous records. These films were big budget, romantic films (Dwyer and Patel) which upheld the family values in them. The two astronomical hits were HUM APKE HAI KAUN? (Who am I to You?) This released in 1994 and went onto run for two years in more than 50 theatres and DILWALE DULHANIA LE JAYENGE!! (The Brave Heart Will Take the Bride) got released in 1995 and was still running in its 13th year for 679th week as on 17th October 2008 at Marata Mandhir Cinema in Mumbai (www). Both these films were on similar lines, they were big budget romantic films with no actions sequence in them. In the former’s case the whole film was shot in beautiful gigantic sets going outdoors only for song sequence, which had 12 music tracks in it. In l atter’s case maximum portion of the shoot took place in foreign locales. The audio of both these films were massive hits because they used the full potential of television by telecasting their songs and ad campaigns before the theatrical release. Both the production houses (Rajashri Productions and Yashraj Productions) of these films took great interest in refurbishing the theatres before the release of their films because they precisely knew their target audience were the upper middle class and family audiences who were content with television and they had to bring them back to the theatres. Once they succeeded â€Å"it marked the dominance of new middle class and uphold them to the pleasure of socially mixed audience both in India and overseas†. (Dwyer and Patel-2002) Rajashri and Yashraj Productions were the good old big production houses which started the trend for these kinds of films with big budget, but most of the small scale productions could not cope with this and had to stop producing films. Gradually number of films produced per year dropped. Source: David Hancock; Global Film production (Working Document) Venice Conference The biggest and greatest breakthrough in the Indian Cinema came in 1998. This is the year the Indian government recognised the potential of Indian cinema and granted the official status of ‘Industry’. Until then the public as well as private banks and other big financial institutions desisted from getting involved with the film production companies so the producers always had to depend on private money lenders for the capital for their films (Dwyer Patel, 2002). Now the production houses are getting their capital from public investments through semi public Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) and other public banks (Lorenzen Taeube, 2006) 2000- Till date.. Indian Film Industry started in its way of revival of sorts, in 2001 all the prints of the film Chori Chori Chupke Chupke which had a huge star cast was seized by the Central Bureau of Investigation suspecting it to be funded by the underworld and the producer of the film Bharath Shah was arrested for having close connections with the underworld. After this incident most of the producers feared to be identified with the under world. So the underworld gradually lost its hold in the Bollywood. Shooting at overseas location for a film is not new to Bollywood they have been doing this since 1960’s but currently there is an increasing trend of Indian film crew shooting at foreign locales. This is because of the huge global market for the Indian films. Many films are released simultaneously in U.S.A. and U.K. and there are instances where the returns from overseas collections is higher than the home collections. The script writers and Directors cannot neglect the overseas market any more while scripting and shooting for their film (Dudrah, R K, 2006). After the liberalisation of the industry in 1998 Direct Foreign Investments, Global Investors, Private Corporate started entering the film industry. Hollywood Majors like Universal, 21st Century Fox started investing in the Indian film industry through joint ventures with the Indian production houses. The corporate production houses are gaining importance in the film industry. Corporate houses like ADLABS, EROS, UTV, K.SERA SERA and many others have already made a mark in B.S.E. (Bombay Stock Exchange) and even in L.S.E. (London Stock Exchange). In the current scenario 20% of the total India films are produced by corporate giants (Anand times- 2006). They have developed professional ways of organising business, mergers, outsourcing, distributing, use of new technology and marketing content. The corporate houses have brought in the much needed professional flavour in to films which were missing in the production process earlier. The main advantage of the corporate house is it can prod uce more number of films simultaneously; it produces 5-6 films per year where as compared to the individual production houses cannot afford to produce more than 2-3 films in a year even after the deregulation. The greatest advantage of a corporate production house is it has a huge capital to invest on its films. Usually the risk is higher on a single movie basis, but the risk spreads out as they produce lot of films simultaneously. They employ professionals in their firm as compared to the single producers of 80’s who used change their crew after every film. Few corporate houses even have their own multiplex cinema which helps in theatrical release as well as in developing a marketing strategy for their films. The corporate giants are investing hugely on the industry as a result of this the film Industry is already the 3rd largest industry in India (Dudrah-2006). The production houses are aiming at a homogenous or serial form of production as opposed to heterogeneous form of production they had earlier. The main purpose of switching to this form of production is to control all means of production and operate all aspects of film making from finance to production and distribution (Prasad-1998). The best example being Yashraj Productions. They have their own studios for recording, dubbing and editing and also have production equipments required for the shoot. With in the production house they also have different sections like Yashraj Distribution for overseas and home market, Yashraj Music for all their audio sales and Yashraj Video for home video like DVD’s and VCD’s. It was one of the first production houses to hire management students from Indian Institute of Management, Ahmadabad (IIMA) to market their films and also to set up their whole business process. They also stated their own website to market and project their media image (Dywer Patel- 2002). Professionalization has brought new and better modes of planning. There are changed practices of production where there are professionals working constantly for the better utilization of funds, bringing production costs down and maximizing the profits Film production in India is becoming an organised business. The overall film industry is taking on professional colours. 1.3 Size and growth opportunities The total size of Indian film industry was estimated at around Rs.56.5bn (inr40 = usd1 Iit is anticipated to touch a huge figure of about Rs.153bn by the year of 2010 with taking into account 18 percent compound annual growth rate (cagr) as per the estimates of ficci-Pricewaterhouse- Coopers in the year 2006. On the whole, the Indian film industry was anticipated to be value of about usd1.8bn in the year 2006. On the basis of a thorough top-down analysis considering the share of private consumption as a proportion of gdp, the marketshare for media and entertainment (me) expenditures, and film budgets within the me space it was accounted that the Indian film industry will be valued in between usd4.4 and 5.1bn (between inr176bn and inr204bn) by 2011 (cii-A.T. Kearney 2007). The movie industry has been getting more and more corporatized. Many film production, distribution and exhibition houses are listed on the stock markets and they have raised capital through public issue. Several the atres around the nation have been developed into multiplexes and plans to build up additional digital cinema halls are by now in lime light. This will certainly not only enhance the quality of prints and thereby providing viewing a extra pleasant experience for the audiences but will also decrease the piracy of prints (ficci-PricewaterhouseCoopers 2006). These days piracy is a major issue for the Indian film industry. Not initiating nay major anti-piracy laws on the part of the government and an absence of educated officers that implements anti-piracy laws remains the vital issue. These are the main issue which is why the piracy business has not been able to control to a greater extent. This issue along with the lengthy legal and arbitration process is regarded as prevention to the fight against piracy. Apart from this the present Copyrights Act is also obsolete in conditions to technology enhancement and in addition, it does not deal with the requirements of the electronic media wh ere the degree of piracy is amongst the maximum in present time. The Optical Disc Law draft established to deal with the requirement for regulating piracy at the manufacturing phase is still pending for the approval of the Indian ministry (ficci-PricewaterhouseCoopers 2006). As against to few developed markets where the home market symbolizes greater than 40% of total movie revenues, the home market share in India is comparatively small (8%), though, this share is anticipated to rise to about 14% by the year of 2010. The important pushers that will facilitate this are the rising amount of reasonably priced DVD players and lesser prices of original DVDs so as to battle the issues of piracy (cii-A.T. Kearney 2007). The Indian entertainment and media industry enjoys a lot of aid in the present times – be it regulations that permit foreign investment, the momentum from the economy, digital lifestyle and spending styles of the consumers, and also several opportunities the development in technology have to provide. The industry only has to do is to realize its growth potential and opportunities. The government is required to play a greater dynamic task in solving out the policy-related obstruction for the purpose of growth. The industry is required to get rid of all obstructions, like as piracy in an intensive way along with the measures to produce high-quality global class end products. The entertainment and media industry has all ingredients which it generally takes to turn into the star of Indian economy (ficci-PricewaterhouseCoopers 2006). There are two important movements that will basically transform the scene of the Indian film industry in the coming couple of years, namely digitizati on and a change in consumer preferences. Digitization will lead to consolidation and appearance of huge scale exhibition networks and, and apart from this, in the balance of power among producers-distributors and exhibitors. Changing customer preferences will lead to rising international acceptance of Indian films and in the upcoming of new media (cii-A.T. Kearney 2007). Growth opportunities in terms of Corporate production houses Indian film industry comprises of numerous regional clusters, and Bollywood is merely one of them. Bollywood is the cluster located in Mumbai, producing the biggest share of films (40%) mainly in Hindi (PWC FICCI, 2007). Bollywood is the oldest film cluster in India, dating back to early 20th century. Other film clusters in India like as one in Hyderabad, called â€Å"Tollywood† produces second biggest amount of films mainly in Telugu. While other clusters produce films chiefly in their local language. Growth opportunities in terms of Indian Film Industry 1.31 Current situation Currently the success ratios of films are very low at the box office. Only 10 to 20% of films break even or earn profits (Ganapathi, 2002; Pendakur, 2003; Ganti, 2004; Lorenzen Taeube, 2006) but most of the producers make money, recouping their investments through new auxiliary sources of revenue () like satellite rights music rights, home video rights(DVD), video games, toys, computer wallpapers, ring tones, movie clips for mobile and selling ancillary rights. The new trend is product placement in films which brings in a lot of revenue and even helps in publicity of the film. In the period of 1998-2005 i.e after gaining the status of industry, the revenues in the films have grown by 360% this is including all revenues from advertising, selling of ancillary rights and music rights (Kholi- Khandekar, 2006; Lorenzen Taeube, 2006). The digital relay of films in cinema theatres is saving a lot of money as you don’t have to develop the physical print, which took a major share in a film budget. The industry is losing more than 40% of its revenue through Piracy (David Hancock-1998). Copyright infringement of films is so wide spread in India it can be called as a ‘small scale industry’. Bootleg copies of DVD’s are available in the market on the same day the film officially releases in theatres or some times even before that. Pirated DVD’s and CD’s of Bollywood movies are available in most of the South Asian and South East Asian countries. The small cable television channels broadcast newly released films in their channels without paying any kind of compensation. Another problem is consumer copying which is very difficult to stop. To add on to this is Online Internet movies where consumers can download movies from websites like www.bhejafry.net, www.indiaonlinemovies.com and many more without actually paying anything. The technical skills of the Indian Film Industry has always been extraordinary but most of the time they had to settle for old and very poor quality of equipments. But now due to huge market and Corporatisation they can afford to buy more sophisticated equipments. Digital facilities for Sound Recording, Dubbing, Editing is as good as anywhere in the world (Dwyer Patel, 2002). Bollywood has always been very enthusiastic about embracing new technologies in their films, and it is also been much quicker in doing this than the Hollywood (Currah, 2007). The Film Industry is using all the latest technologies like Arry 435 for the shoot, Avid and Mac products for post production work. Sync sound, D.I.(Digital Intermediate), Animations and special effects with Graphics are used extensively. The Indian Film Industry can now even employ foreign technicians to work for them to improve the quality of the final product. In the blockbuster film KRRISH- (2006) the action sequence was choreographed by Tony Ching from Hong Kong and all the special effects for the film was done by Hollywood technicians (Minocha and Stonehouse- 2006). Globalisation has four facets, that is, movement of goods, capital, technology and people across borders. In terms of movement of goods (i. e., movies) Indian movie industry has a long history of presence in the global market. Awara was sent to the Soviet Union and other Communist bloc countries crazy in the year of1950s. Mehboob’s Aan had a French release after its premiere in London. Long before that Himansu Rai made visually stunning films in cooperation with the Germans in the early 1930s, like The Light of Asia and A Throw of Dice, and many more which were shown in Europe as Indian films with Indian stories. By then the Bombay film industry had been around for 35 years. The film industry is definitely as old as the cinema itself and surely older than Hollywood, which has its early development in the late 1900s (Desai 2007). The exports of the Indian movie have grown for approximately 60% in recent times. The USA and Canada are two main export locations witnessing for 30 percent than by the UK with 25% and Mauritius and Dubai with 10% each. Some other main markets comprise South Africa, Russia, Fiji, New Zealand and Australia where there is abundant Indian diasporas present. Making a film for the diaspora market is a certainly a moneymaking project as against to making a film for the Indian domestic market (Desai 2007). With the global audience, there is outstanding recognition of Indian movie themes along with sew of the cross-over films made by global movie production players. The profit earnings of these movies can be match up to to few of the Hollywood box office hits. A number of Bollywood movies have gained greater than 50% of their total gross profit margin from global box office collection. However it is a welcome movement that requires to be carried on. One of the significant success factors for these cinemas is to recognize ideas from within the Indian subjects which are liked by the audience. An additional important success factor is to associate with a top global distributor; films produced by the person of Indian origin have had up to 2–3 times greater global earnings as compared to the national bestsellers (cii- A.T. Kearney 2007). Table 2 reveals a series of cross over films and the revenue earning generated by these films. India has stated its determined plans to double its share in the international film industry by the end of this year. This shows the great determination of the country to build itself as a cultural as well as economic powerhouse. There are many reasons why we must believe that. To begin with, the government, which aims on considering Bollywood to set up India as a ‘soft power’, considers the Indian film industry is competent enough to capture five percent of the international market this season. The share at the present time is two percent (Johnson 2007). Kishore Lulla, the chief executive of Eros International, a uk-listed company that releases about thirty new Bollywood films in India and in the rest of the world each year, â€Å"says the government’s target can be achieved. India is experiencing almost hundred percent growth in grosses